Architectural Styles Through Ages

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[! note] Covers a broad spectrum including characteristics of major architectural styles and influential architects with their works, tracing the evolution from ancient times to the modern era.

1. Introduction

   • Overview of the significance of architectural styles in history.
   • Brief explanation of the evolution of architectural styles through ages.

2. Characteristics of Major Architectural Styles

   • Ancient Architectures
     • Egyptian Architecture
       • Key characteristics: Use of massive structures, pyramids, temples, use of stone.
     • Greek Architecture
       • Key characteristics: Use of columns (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), temples, theaters.
   • Medieval Architectures
     • Romanesque Architecture
       • Key characteristics: Use of semi-circular arches, thick walls, small windows.
     • Gothic Architecture
       • Key characteristics: Pointed arches, flying buttresses, large stained glass windows.
   • Renaissance Architecture
     • Key characteristics: Revival of classical architecture, symmetry, proportion, geometry.
   • Baroque Architecture
     • Key characteristics: Grandeur, drama, use of curves, bold ornamentation.
   • Modern Architectures
     • Modernism
       • Key characteristics: Function over form, use of new materials (steel, glass), minimalism.
     • Postmodernism
       • Key characteristics: Blend of traditional and modern elements, use of irony and paradox.

3. Influential Architects and Their Works

   • Ancient Period
     • Imhotep (Egypt) - Step Pyramid of Djoser
     • Iktinos and Kallikrates (Greece) - Parthenon
   • Medieval Period
     • Abbot Suger (Gothic) - Basilica of Saint-Denis
   • Renaissance
     • Filippo Brunelleschi (Italy) - Dome of Florence Cathedral
     • Andrea Palladio (Italy) - Villa Rotonda
   • Baroque
     • Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italy) - St. Peter’s Basilica
     • Christopher Wren (England) - St. Paul’s Cathedral
   • Modern Era
     • Frank Lloyd Wright (USA) - Fallingwater
     • Le Corbusier (Switzerland-France) - Villa Savoye
     • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Germany-USA) - Seagram Building
     • Zaha Hadid (Iraq-UK) - Heydar Aliyev Center

4. Conclusion

   • Reflection on the continuous impact of these architectural styles and architects on modern architecture.
   • The importance of preserving architectural heritage while innovating for the future.